アウディ5気筒エンジンが 50周年。量産モデルおよびラリーにおいて成功したエンジンコンセプトとは
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初めての5気筒エンジンは、1976年にAudi 100（C2）に搭載された。当時の5気筒エンジンは初期段階にあったEA 827 直列4気筒エンジンコンセプトをベースに開発された。このEA 827直列4気筒エンジンは、1970年代にAudi 80やAudi 100を含む、フォルクスワーゲングループ全体で使用されていたモデルだ。このエンジンから派生した5気筒エンジンは、2,144ccの排気量を持ち、100 kW（136 PS）を発生し、最新の燃料噴射システムにより効率とパワーが向上され、Audi 100 5Eは1977年3月にデリバリーが開始された。
1980年、オリジナルAudi quattroの5気筒ガソリンエンジンは、ターボチャージャー、インタークーラー、そしてフルタイム4輪駆動を備え、強力なパッケージングに仕上げられた。販売開始時、その出力は147kW（200 PS）。アウディがこのモデルで1982年世界ラリー選手権のマニュファクチャラーズタイトルを獲得し、翌年には新たに開発された4バルブの225 kW（306 PS）を発揮する5気筒の軽合金エンジンにより、当時公道走行用にドイツ企業が提供した中で最もパワフルなモデルとなった。このモデルは、新しいグループBラリーカーのベースとなり、この4バルブエンジンは、初期段階から331kW（450 PS）を発揮した。
アウディは1989年のフランクフルト国際モーターショーで、自動車の歴史におけるもう一つのマイルストーンとなるAudi 100 TDIが発表された。完全電子制御エンジンマネージメントシステムを備えた直噴5気筒ターボディーゼルは、排気量2.5リッターから88 kW（120 PS）を発生。アウディは5気筒ガソリンエンジンのラインアップをさらに洗練させ、1994年には、232 kW（315 PS）を発揮するAudi Avant RS2が市場に投入された。スポーツカーと同等のパワーを備えたAvantとして、それは新しい自動車クラスの先駆けとなるモデルとなった。
最初の5気筒ターボチャージャー付きガソリンエンジンのデビューから30年後となる2009年、Audi TT RSで待望の復活を遂げました。クワトロ社（quattro GmbH）によって開発された、2.5リッターの排気量のターボチャージングとガソリン直噴を備えた横置きエンジンは、250 kW（340 PS）を発生し、卓越したパフォーマンスを発揮した。さらにアウディが2012年に導入したAudi TT RS plusは、265 kW（360 PS）を達成。2013年には、Audi RS Q3が初のコンパクトSUVとして、新たなマーケットセグメントを切り開いた。パワーユニットとして採用されたのは、Audi TT RSおよびRS 3と同様の2.5リッターの5気筒エンジンだった。2016年に登場した新しいバージョンのエンジンでは、軽量化対策、内部摩擦の低減、そして出力向上により、エンジニアたちは同じ2,480 ccの排気量のまま、出力を17％向上させることに成功し、294 kW（400 PS）と最大トルク480 Nmを発揮した。
2021年以降、Audi RS 3には改良バージョンの2.5 TFSIが搭載され、これまで以上にパワフルな出力が実現されてる。このエンジンによってこのコンパクトスポーツカーは0–100 km/hを3.8秒で加速する。最高速度はパッケージ次第で290 km/hに達する。これらの性能値を実現する決定的な要因はトルクであり、2,250 rpmから5,600 rpmの間で500 Nmを発揮する。これは先代モデルより20Nmの増加となる。これにより、Audi RS 3は中間回転域からさらに鋭い加速を可能にしている。最高出力294 kW（400 PS）は、従来より早い5,600 rpmから発生し、7,000 rpmまでの広い領域にわたって持続。新しいエンジンコントロールユニットは、すべてのドライブコンポーネントのネットワーク化をより高速に行い、ドライビングダイナミクスを新たなレベルへ引き上げる。
2010: Audi TT RS in races: In 2010, Audi starts its motorsport activities with the TT RS. The racing car developed for endurance racing is powered by the five-cylinder engine from the production model. Following improvements to the intercooler and exhaust system, the powerplant delivers 280 kW (380 hp) at 5,800 revolutions per minute. The maximum torque of 500 newton meters (368.78 lb-ft) develops at 2,500 rpm. In the VLN Endurance Championship of 2010 and 2011, the frontwheel-drive racing car notches up several victories in the SP4T class up to 2.5 liters’ capacity. In August 2011, it clinches overall victory in the 6-hour race on the Nürburgring. Audi achieves further success with the TT RS in the 24-hour race in the Eifel in 2011, where it takes class victory.
2015: 2.5 TFSI with gasoline direct injection, turbocharger and intercooler: In the summer of 2015, the second-generation RS 3 Sportback* appears – the most powerful car in the premium compact segment with an output of 270 kW (367 hp). The combination of turbocharging and direct injection permits a high compression ratio of 10:1 and correspondingly good efficiency. The five-cylinder inline engine delivers a maximum of 465 newton meters (342.97 lb-ft) to the crankshaft. This torque is available from as low as 1,625 revolutions per minute and remains constant up to 5,550 rpm. Since spring 2016, Audi has been using the optimized version of the powerplant in the Audi RS Q3 performance* too.
2015: 2.5 TFSI with gasoline direct injection, turbocharger and intercooler: In the summer of 2015, the second-generation RS 3 Sportback* appears – the most powerful car in the premium compact segment with an output of 270 kW (367 hp). The combination of turbocharging and direct injection permits a high compression ratio of 10:1 and correspondingly good efficiency. The five-cylinder inline engine delivers a maximum of 465 newton meters (342.97 lb-ft) to the crankshaft. This torque is available from as low as 1,625 revolutions per minute and remains constant up to 5,550 rpm. Since spring 2016, Audi has been using the optimized version of the powerplant in the Audi RS Q3 performance* too.
2016: 2.5 TFSI with gasoline direct injection, turbocharger and intercooler: At the Beijing Motor Show in 2016, Audi presents the new TT RS Coupe* and the new TT RS Roadster*. The five-cylinder unit has been enhanced in every area – with lightweight construction measures, reduced internal friction, increased power delivery. From an unchanged displacement of 2,480 cc, the turbocharged engine gains a good 17 percent increase in performance. With an output of 294 kW (400 hp) it is more potent than ever before. The maximum torque of 480 newton meters (354.03 lb-ft) is available between 1,700 and 5,850 revolutions per minute. It ensures outstanding pulling power, which accompanies the unmistakable five-cylinder sound.
50 years of five-cylinder engines at Audi: unmistakable sound, thrilling performance, and numerous motorsport successes
The legendary 2.5 TFSI five-cylinder with 294 kW (400 PS) and 500 Nm of torque – compact power for dynamic driving
50 years of five-cylinder engines at Audi: unmistakable sound, thrilling performance, and numerous motorsport successes
Audi RS 3 Sportback and Audi RS 3 Sedan, model year 2025
Audi TT RS Coupé iconic edition, model year 2022
Valve cover with Audi logo and TFSI lettering: Technical aesthetics meet outstanding design
Section view of the valve train: Precise control for optimal gas exchange.
Piston movement inside the cylinder visualized: Core element of the five-cylinder’s power delivery
Close-up of the piston inside the cylinder: Precision for efficient combustion and high output
High-temperature resistant materials in the exhaust manifold and turbocharger for high performance demands
High-strength bolts secure the engine components – ensuring stability even under high loads.
Compressor wheel inside the turbocharger in section – optimized geometry for maximum efficiency
1980: five-cylinder gasoline engine with turbocharger and intercooler: In 1980 at the Geneva Motor Show, Audi unveils the Audi quattro (B2), known as the “Ur-quattro” from the mid-1990s. It uses the powerplant from the Audi 200 5T (C2), but features an intercooler. As a result, the turbocharged engine achieves a higher output of 147 kW (200 hp) at 5,500 revolutions per minute and 285 newton meters (210.21 lb-ft) of torque at 3,500 rpm. The body of the Audi quattro is based on the Audi Coupe (B2), which in turn is based on the Audi 80. Flared fenders, bulkier bumpers and sills as well as a larger rear spoiler distinguish the Audi quattro from the Coupe.
Precisely engineered components of the 2.5 TFSI five-cylinder
Audi RS 3 Sedan performance edition and Audi RS 3 Sportback performance edition, model year 2022
Complex exhaust routing with turbocharger: Maximum performance in a compact design
Visualization of piston movement in section – precise mechanics for maximum efficiency, complemented by the visible belt drive for auxiliary components
Full view of the five-cylinder with intake system and auxiliary components
Section view of the timing drive with chain guide – precise design for reliable power transmission
Detail of the intake ports: Flow-optimized geometry for maximum efficiency
50 years of five-cylinder engines at Audi: unmistakable sound, thrilling performance, and numerous motorsport successes
Audi RS Q3 Sportback, model year 2019
Audi TT RS Roadster, model year 2019
1976: World premiere of the first Audi five-cylinder gasoline engine
1976: first five-cylinder gasoline engine in the automotive industry: In August 1976, Audi introduces the second-generation Audi 100 (C2) in Luxembourg. For the first time, power is provided by a five-cylinder gasoline engine in a model from the brand with the four rings. The fuel-injected engine with a displacement of 2,144 cc develops 110 kW (136 hp) at 5,700 revolutions per minute. The maximum torque of 185 newton meters (136.45 lb-ft) is available at 4,200 rpm. The market launch of the Audi 100 (C2) follows in March 1977. From September 1979, the five-cylinder engine is also available in the Audi 200; from August 1982, it is fitted in the successor to the C2, the Audi 100 C3.
1978: five-cylinder carbureted engine: In April 1978, the five-cylinder carbureted version with an output of 85 kW (115 hp) replaces the basic twoliter four-cylinder version in the Audi 100 (C2). The new 1.9-liter unit produces maximum power at 5,400 revs and delivers 154 newton meters (113.58 lb-ft) of torque to the crankshaft at 3,700 rpm. The engine is used in the Audi 100 5 (C2), the Audi 80 CD (B2), the Audi Coupé GT 5S (B2) and in the Audi 100 (C3).
1978: first five-cylinder diesel: In 1978, Audi presents its first diesel model for the Audi 100 (C2). The five-cylinder naturally aspirated engine with a displacement of two liters develops 51 kW (70 hp) and 123 newton meters (90.72 lb-ft) of torque. It also powers the next-generation C3, propelling both the sedans and the Avant versions. From 1984, there is a turbocharged engine with an output of 64 kW (87 hp) and 172 newton meters (126.86 lb-ft) of torque.
1984: map-controlled five-cylinder gasoline engine with emissions control as standard: In 1984, a completely new development appears. Audi is the first manufacturer to optimize the five-cylinder engine with a fully electronic map-controlled ignition system and a catalytic converter as standard. From 2,309 cc, it produces 100 kW (136 hp) at 5,600 rpm and 188 newton meters (138.66 lb-ft) of torque at 3,500 revolutions per minute. The most widely used five-cylinder engine from Audi is found in the Audi 100 2.3E (C3), the Audi Coupe 2.3E (B3) and in the Audi 90 2.3 E (B3). From 1990, it also powers the Audi 100 2.3E (C4) and a year later the Audi 80 2.3E (B4) and the Audi Cabriolet 2.3E. Here, it delivers 98 kW (133 hp) at 5,600 revolutions per minute and 186 newton meters (137.19 lb-ft) at 4,000 rpm.
1980: five-cylinder gasoline engine with turbocharger: In 1980, the Audi 200 5T (C2) comes on to the market, which is powered by the first turbocharged gasoline engine from the brand with the four rings. From a displacement of 2,144 cc, the five-cylinder unit produces 125 kW (170 hp) at 5,300 revolutions per minute and 265 newton meters (195.45 lb-ft) of torque at 3,300 rpm. The Audi 200 5T (C2) is the first Audi in the luxury class and features the lavish equipment of the Audi 100 CD as standard.
1983: five-cylinder engine triumphant in rallying: In the 1983 Corsica Rally, Audi competes for the first time with the Audi quattro A2, Group B. Its 2.1-liter turbocharged five-cylinder inline engine produces 265 kW (360 hp) at 6,500 revolutions per minute and delivers 450 newton meters (331.90 lb-ft) of torque at 4,000 rpm. At the end of the season, the Finn Hannu Mikkola wins the drivers’ title in this car. One year later, the Swede Stig Blomqvist replicates this success: he becomes world rally champion, while Audi wins the manufacturers’ world rally championship for the second time after 1982.
1983: five-cylinder gasoline engine with four-valve technology, turbocharger and intercooler: In September 1983, Audi presents the Audi Sport quattro (B2) at the International Motor Show in Frankfurt am Main. It is powered by a 2.1-liter highperformance engine with four-valve technology that produces 225 kW (306 hp) at 6,700 revolutions per minute. The maximum torque of 350 newton meters (258.15 lb-ft) is available at 3,700 rpm. Delivery commences in May 1984. The Audi Sport quattro (B2) is a special series limited to 214 vehicles, produced to meet homologation requirements for rallying. The rules stipulate that displacement must be limited to a maximum of 2,133 cc.
1987: world record at Pikes Peak with the Audi Sport quattro S1 (E2): In 1987, Walter Röhrl wins the legendary Pikes Peak Hill Climb (USA) in the Audi Sport quattro S1 (E2), setting a new record. In 10 minutes and 47.85 seconds he conquers the almost 20-kilometer-long (12.43 mi) course with 156 bends and a difference in altitude of 1,439 meters (4721.13 ft). The 2.1-liter five-cylinder engine in the Audi Sport quattro S1 (E2) delivers 440 kW (598 hp) at 8,000 revolutions per minute and produces 590 newton meters (435.16 lb-ft) of torque at 5,500 rpm.
1988: five-cylinder gasoline engine with four-valve technology, turbocharger and catalytic converter (S engine): With two catalytic converters, four-valve technology, a closed tank venting system and a diagnostic system, this powerplant offers a very high standard of emissions control and technology. It is first available in the Audi 200 quattro 20V (C3), then in the Audi quattro 20V (B2) a year later and in the Audi S2 Coupe (B3) in 1990. The five-cylinder turbocharged engine has a displacement of 2,226 cc and delivers 162 kW (220 hp) at 5,700 revolutions per minute and 309 newton meters (227.91 lb-ft) of torque at 1,950 rpm.
1989: most powerful five-cylinder works engine in motorsport: At the 1989 IMSA GTO in the USA, the Audi 90 quattro competes in its races with the most powerful fivecylinder works engine. The turbocharged aluminum engine is a 2.2-liter high-performance unit specially designed for racing. It develops 530 kW (720 hp) at 7,500 revolutions per minute and delivers 720 newton meters (531.04 lb-ft) of torque at 6,000 rpm. Overall, the Audi 90 quattro IMSA GTO wins seven races in the American touring car series in the 1989 season.
1989: first five-cylinder turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine in a production car: Audi presents another milestone in the automotive history in 1989 at the International Motor Show in Frankfurt am Main: the Audi 100 TDI. The first fivecylinder turbocharged diesel with direct injection for a production car produces 88 kW (120 hp) from a displacement of 2.5 liters and delivers 265 newton meters (195.45 lb-ft) of torque to the crankshaft. It is used in the C3 and in the C4 – from 1994 with an output of 103 kW (140 hp) and 290 newton meters (213.89 lb-ft) of torque.
1991: performance-enhanced five-cylinder S engine with overboost control: In the 1991 Audi S4, the Sport version of the Audi 100 (C4), a turbocharged 2.2-liter 20-valve five-cylinder inline engine is at work. It develops 169 kW (230 hp) at 5,900 rpm. Thanks to a brief increase in boost pressure, a peak torque of 350 newton meters (258.15) is achieved at 1,950 revolutions per minute. The engine also powers the Audi S2 Avant (B4) and the Audi S2 Coupé (B3). In 1994, the Audi S4 becomes known as the Audi S6.
1994: first five-cylinder RS engine: In 1994, the most powerful five-cylinder production engine built by Audi to date goes into action in the Audi Avant RS 2 (B4). With turbocharging, fuel injection and standard-fit emissions control, it produces 232 kW (315 hp) at 6,500 revolutions per minute from a displacement of 2,226 cc and delivers 410 newton meters (302.40 lb-ft) of torque at 3,000 rpm.
2009: 2.5 TFSI with gasoline direct injection, turbocharger and intercooler: 30 years after the first five-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine was presented, Audi once again introduces a model with a five-cylinder gasoline engine and turbocharger at the Geneva Motor Show: the TT RS. The powerplant delivers 250 kW (340 hp) at 6,500 revolutions per minute from 2,480 cc and 450 newton meters (331.90 lb-ft) at 5,300 rpm. From 2011, this engine is also used in the RS 3 Sportback and from 2014 in the updated RS Q3. In the 2012 TT RS plus, the engine produces 265 kW (360 hp) at 6,700 revolutions per minute and develops 465 newton meters (342.97 lb-ft) of torque at 5,400 rpm.
2009: 2.5 TFSI with gasoline direct injection, turbocharger and intercooler: 30 years after the first five-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine was presented, Audi once again introduces a model with a five-cylinder gasoline engine and turbocharger at the Geneva Motor Show: the TT RS. The powerplant delivers 250 kW (340 hp) at 6,500 revolutions per minute from 2,480 cc and 450 newton meters (331.90 lb-ft) at 5,300 rpm. From 2011, this engine is also used in the RS 3 Sportback and from 2014 in the updated RS Q3. In the 2012 TT RS plus, the engine produces 265 kW (360 hp) at 6,700 revolutions per minute and develops 465 newton meters (342.97 lb-ft) of torque at 5,400 rpm.
